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Physicists today readily accept the principle of relativity and would probably feel uncomfortable with a theory of nature which did not possess the extension, the range of applicability, and the sweep of thought which a relativistic theory provides. It is furthermore a great satisfaction to the physicist to know that he can rely on the heuristic power of an idea which is so thoroughly agreeable with respect to symmetry and simplicity. Yet it is difficult to find an account of the principle of relativity which is clear and exact while at the same time providing a just characterization of its wider meaning. One may easily state an uncertain generalization having some resemblance to the intention expressed in Einstein's Theory of Relativity; or alternatively, a narrow and overly technical definition which in effect coincides with Einstein's explicit directives in their final form. But neither of these provides the perspective that makes Einstein's early efforts intelligible, or guarantees that the principle will serve as a guide to further fruitful thought. More serious is the fact that scientific effort is wasted and understanding is lost if we cannot clearly state the principles which are involved in the theory, and, furthermore, distinguish them from the particularities of an equation or a fact. The present paper is an attempt to do this, an attempt preceding a more extensive effort to axiomatize relativity.

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